1999 - 2000 AbstractsCPSC 681 Graduate Seminar:Machine Learning and Extracting Information from the WebTom Mitchell Carnegie Mellon University
4:10pm, Wednesday January 26, 2000 AbstractConsider the fact that although your computer workstation can now retrieve any of 1,000,000,000 pages from the World Wide Web, it unfortunately cannot understand their content. This is, of course, because web pages are written to be understandable to people, not computers. The goal of our research is to automatically extract a very large database of facts that mirror the content of the Web, and that can be manipulated by computer. If we can achieve this goal, it will enable using the web as a gargantuan data base and knowledge base to support a rich variety of applications. Our approach is to use machine learning algorithms to train a system to automatically extract information from web hypertext. For example, in one set of experiments our system was trained to extract descriptions of faculty, students, research projects, and courses from web sites of computer science departments. It then used these learned extraction routines to build a database containing thousands of new entries by automatically browsing new university web sites. The system is currently running 24 hours per day, and over the past ten months has built a knowledge base containing over 100,000 assertions. This talk will present the machine learning algorithms we have developed to date, along with experimental results suggesting these methods can be quite effective for information extraction in certain domains. BiographyTom M. Mitchell is the Fredkin Professor of AI and Learning at Carnegie Mellon University, and Founding Director of the CMU Center for Automated Learning and Discovery (CALD). During 2000 he is on leave from Carnegie Mellon, serving as Vice President and Chief Scientist for WhizBang!, a startup company devoted to extracting useful information from the web. Mitchell is author of the textbook "Machine Learning," McGraw Hill, 1997, which provides an introduction to the field of machine learning algorithms and theory. He is a Fellow and President-Elect of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence. Mitchell currently serves on the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Academy of Science's National Research Council. Faculty Contacts: Tom Ioerger and John Yen CPSC 681 Graduate Seminar:EMERALDS: A Small-Memory Real-Time MicrokernelKang G.Shin University of Michigan
4:00pm, Friday February 4, 2000
AbstractEMERALDS (Extensible Microkernel for Embedded, ReAL-time, Distributed Systems) is a real-time microkernel designed for small-memory embedded applications. These applications must run on slow (15--25MHz) processors with just 32--128~kbytes of memory, either to keep production costs down in mass-produced systems or to keep weight and power consumption low. To be feasible for such applications, the OS must not only be small in size (less than 20 kbytes) but also have low-overhead kernel services. Unlike commercial embedded OSs which rely on carefully-optimized code to achieve efficiency, EMERALDS takes the approach of re-designing the basic OS services of task scheduling, synchronization, communication, and system call mechanism by using characteristics found in small-memory embedded systems such as small code size and a priori knowledge of task execution & communication patterns. With these new schemes, the overheads of various OS services are reduced 20--40% without compromising any OS functionality. This work is done jointly with Khawar M. Zuberi and Babu Pillai. BiographyKang G. Shin is Professor and Director of the Real-Time Computing Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. He has supervised the completion of 40 PhD theses, and authored/coauthored about 500 technical papers and numerous book chapters in the areas of distributed real-time computing and control, computer networking, fault-tolerant computing, and intelligent manufacturing. He has co-authored (jointly with C. M. Krishna) a textbook ``Real-Time Systems,'' McGraw Hill, 1997. In 1987, he received the Outstanding IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control Paper Award, and Research Excellence Award in 1989 and Outstanding Achievement Award in 1999 from The University of Michigan. In 1985, he founded the Real-Time Computing Laboratory, where he and his colleagues are investigating various issues related to real-time and fault-tolerant computing. His current research focuses on Quality of Service (QoS) sensitive computing and networking with emphases on timeliness and dependability. He has also been applying the basic research results to telecommunication and multimedia systems, intelligent transportation systems, embedded systems, and manufacturing applications. He received the B.S. degree in Electronics Engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea in 1970, and both the M.S. and Ph.D degrees in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University, Ithaca, New York in 1976 and 1978, respectively. From 1978 to 1982 he was on the faculty of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York. He has held visiting positions at the U.S. Airforce Flight Dynamics Laboratory, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Computer Science Division within the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at UC Berkeley, and International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, and Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. He also chaired the Computer Science and Engineering Division, EECS Department, The University of Michigan for three years beginning January 1991. He is an IEEE fellow and member of the Korean Academy of Engineering, is the General Chair of the 2000 IEEE Real-Time Technlogy and Applications Symposium, was the Program Chairman of the 1986 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), the General Chairman of the 1987 RTSS, the Guest Editor of the 1987 August special issue of IEEE Transactions on Computers on Real-Time Systems, a Program Co-Chair for the 1992 International Conference on Parallel Processing, and served numerous technical program committees. He also chaired the IEEE Technical Committee on Real-Time Systems during 1991-93, was a Distinguished Visitor of the Computer Society of the IEEE, an Editor of IEEE Trans.~on Parallel and Distributed Computing, and an Area Editor of International Journal of Time-Critical Computing Systems. Faculty Contact: Steve LiuCPSC 681 Graduate Seminar:Browsing Around a Digital LibraryIan H. Witten, University of Waikato, New Zealand
4:00pm, Wednesday March 22, 2000 AbstractWhat will it be like to work in the digital library of the future? We begin by browsing around an experimental digital library of the present, glancing at some collections and seeing how they are organized. Then we look to the future. Although present digital libraries are quite like conventional libraries, we argue that future ones will feel qualitatively different. Readers--and writers--will work in the library using a kind of context-directed browsing. This will be supported by structures derived from automatic analysis of the contents of the library--not just the catalog, or abstracts, but the full text of the books and journals--using new techniques of data mining. BiographyIan H. Witten is professor of computer science at the University of Waikato in Hamilton, New Zealand. He directs the New Zealand Digital Library research project. His research interests include information retrieval, machine learning, text compression, and programming by demonstration. He has published widely in these areas (around 200 refereed papers), including six books, the most recent being Managing gigabytes: Compressing and indexing documents and images (second edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 1999) and Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques with Java implementations (Morgan Kaufmann, 2000). He received an MA in mathematics from Cambridge Unversity, England; an MSc in computer science from the University of Calgary, Canada; and a PhD in electrical engineering from Essex University, England. He is a fellow of the ACM and of the Royal Society of New Zealand. Faculty Contacts: Frank Shipman and John LeggettCPSC 681 Graduate Seminar:IPv6 wireless telephony with Mobile IPCharles Perkins, Nokia Research Laboratories
4:00pm, Monday April 17, 2000 AbstractMobile IP is under serious consideration in various working groups as a protocol component for a new cellular infrastructure. Groups within the IETF, 3GPP, and 3GPP2 all have related but distinctive perspectives on how to realize the still-nascent potential offered by Mobile IP. In this talk, I will describe some of these recent developments, concentrating on Mobile IPv6 and AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting). AAA is receiving a lot of attention related to Mobile IP and mobile networking, because service providers need authorization before they can establish a business relationship with mobile computer users that may roam into their area of service. This attention to the profit-making possibilities for mobile networking seems likely to provide a big boost for the deployment of Mobile IP. In this way, AAA will also provide additional impetus for creation of the wireless Internet. All major cellular standardization bodies are making Mobile IP and AAA services an integral part of the new cellular infrastructure. There is also a recognition that IPv6 is crucial for the eventual deployment of billions of IP-addressable wireless devices. I will end this talk by taking a look at the interactions between Mobile IPv6 and AAA, pointing out new areas needing work and making some guesses about the directions that may be taken within the IETF. BiographyCharles E. Perkins is a Research Fellow at Nokia Research Laboratories, investigating mobile wireless networking and dynamic configuration protocols. He is the editor for several ACM and IEEE journals for areas related to wireless networking. He is serving as document editor for the mobile-IP working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and is author or co-author of standards-track documents in the mobileip, svrloc, dhc (Dynamic Host Configuration) and IPng working groups. Charles is also associate editor for Mobile Communications and Computing Review, the official publication of ACM SIGMOBILE, and is on the editorial staff for IEEE Internet Computing magazine. Charles has authored a book on Mobile IP, and has published a number of papers and award winning articles in the areas of mobile networking, ad-hoc networking, route optimization for mobile networking, resource discovery, and automatic configuration for mobile computers, most of which are available at http://www.iprg.nokia.com/~charliep. Charles has served on the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) of the IETF, on various committees for the National Research Council, and is currently the general chair for the first annual Mobile Ad Hoc Networking workshop. Faculty Contacts: Riccardo Bettati and Nitin VaidyaCPSC 681 Graduate Seminar:MacroserversHans Zima, University of Vienna and California Institute of Technology
4:00pm, Friday April 28, 2000 AbstractThe emergence of semicomductor fabrication technology allowing a tight coupling between high-density DRAM and CMOS logic on the same chip has led to the important new class of Processor-In-Memory (PIM) architectures. Newer developments provide powerful parallel processing capabilities on the chip, exploiting the facility to load wide words in single memory accesses and supporting complex address manipulations in the memory. Furthermore, large arrays of PIMs can be arranged into a massively parallel architecture. In this talk, we describe an object-based programming model based on the notion of a macroserver. Macroservers encapsulate a set of variables and methods; threads, spawned by the activation of methods, operate asynchronously on the variables' state space. Data distributions provide a mechanism for mapping large data structures across the memory region of a macroserver, while work distributions allow explicit control of bindings between threads and data. Both data and work distributions are first-class objects of the model, supporting the dynamic management of data and threads in memory. This offers the flexibility required for fully exploiting the processing power and memory bandwidth of a PIM array, in particular for irregular and adaptive applications. Thread synchronization is based on atomic methods, condition variables, and futures. A special type of lightweight macroserver allows the formulation of flexible scheduling strategies for the access to resources, using a monitor-like mechanism. BiographyHans Zima is the Chair of the Institute for Software Science at the University of Vienna, Austria. He studied at the University of Vienna, where he received his Ph.D. degree in Mathematics in 1964. After working for German and US computer manufacturers and software companies, he accepted in 1973 a research position at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. He was appointed Professor of Computer Science at the University of Bonn, Germany, in 1975. During his tenure in Bonn, he led the development of Vienna Fortran and contributed to the specification of High Performance Fortran (HPF) and a successor language, HPF+. Prof. Zima is the author of 4 books and about 150 publications. His main research interests are in the field of advanced languages, programming environments and software tools for parallel machines. Currently, he leads the Priority Research Program, AURORA, an interdisciplinary 10-year project funded by the Austrian Science Fund. He is a member of the ACM, IEEE, the Gesellschaft fur Informatik, and the Austrian Computer Society. Faculty Contact: Lawrence Rauchwerger |
| ||||
| ||||